Published on
Exhibit 3.2
BYLAWS
OF
RARE EARTHS AMERICAS, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
|
Page |
||
ARTICLE I — OFFICES |
1 |
||
|
1.1 |
Registered Office |
1 |
|
1.2 |
Other Offices |
1 |
ARTICLE II — MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS |
1 |
||
|
2.1 |
Place of Meetings |
1 |
|
2.2 |
Annual Meetings |
1 |
|
2.3 |
Special Meetings |
1 |
|
2.4 |
Notice of Shareholder Meetings |
3 |
|
2.5 |
Quorum |
3 |
|
2.6 |
Adjourned Meetings; Notice |
4 |
|
2.7 |
Chairperson of Meetings; Conduct of Business |
4 |
|
2.8 |
Voting |
4 |
|
2.9 |
Shareholder Action by Written Consent Without a Meeting |
5 |
|
2.10 |
Closing of Transfer Records and Fixing Record Date |
5 |
|
2.11 |
Voting List |
6 |
|
2.12 |
Proxies |
6 |
|
2.13 |
Inspector of Election |
6 |
|
2.14 |
Advance Notice of Proposals |
6 |
|
2.15 |
Advance Notice for Nomination of Directors |
8 |
ARTICLE III — DIRECTORS |
11 |
||
|
3.1 |
General Powers |
11 |
|
3.2 |
Number and Tenure |
11 |
|
3.3 |
Resignation and Vacancies |
11 |
|
3.4 |
Removal |
11 |
|
3.5 |
Location of Meetings; Meetings by Telephone |
12 |
|
3.6 |
Regular Meetings |
12 |
|
3.7 |
Special Meetings; Notice |
12 |
|
3.8 |
Quorum; Voting |
12 |
|
3.9 |
Action by Board or Committees Without a Meeting |
12 |
|
3.10 |
Committees |
13 |
|
3.11 |
Compensation of Directors |
13 |
ARTICLE IV — OFFICERS |
13 |
||
|
4.1 |
Positions and Appointment |
13 |
|
4.2 |
Term; Vacancies |
14 |
|
4.3 |
Removal |
14 |
|
4.4 |
Resignations |
14 |
|
4.5 |
Compensation |
15 |
ARTICLE V — CERTIFICATES OF SHARES AND THEIR TRANSFER |
15 |
||
|
5.1 |
Certificates for Shares |
15 |
|
5.2 |
Transfer Agent |
15 |
|
5.3 |
Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates |
15 |
|
5.4 |
Transfers of Shares |
15 |
|
5.5 |
Registered Shareholders |
15 |
ARTICLE VI — GENERAL PROVISIONS |
16 |
||
|
6.1 |
Execution of Corporate Contracts and Instruments |
16 |
|
6.2 |
Dividends |
16 |
|
6.3 |
Fiscal Year |
16 |
|
6.4 |
Corporate Seal |
16 |
|
6.5 |
Derivative Proceedings |
16 |
ii
ARTICLE VII — INDEMNIFICATION |
17 |
||
|
7.1 |
Indemnification of Directors and Officers |
17 |
|
7.2 |
Advance Payment of Expenses |
17 |
|
7.3 |
Determination of Right to Indemnification |
17 |
|
7.4 |
Non-Exclusivity of Rights |
18 |
|
7.5 |
Insurance |
18 |
|
7.6 |
Indemnification of Others |
18 |
|
7.7 |
Survival |
18 |
|
7.8 |
Amendments |
18 |
|
7.9 |
Severability |
18 |
ARTICLE VIII — AMENDMENTS |
18 |
||
iii
BYLAWS
OF
RARE EARTHS AMERICAS, INC.
ARTICLE I — OFFICES
1.1 Registered Office
The principal office of Rare Earths Americas, Inc. (the “Corporation”) shall be located at such place within or without the State of Texas as the board of directors of the Corporation (the “Board of Directors”) may designate. The initial registered office and registered agent of the Corporation is set forth in the certification of formation of the Corporation (as the same may be amended from time to time, the “Certificate of Formation”) and may be altered by resolution of the Board of Directors.
1.2 Other Offices
The Corporation may have such other offices, both within and without the State of Texas, as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or as the business of the Corporation may require.
ARTICLE II — MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS
2.1 Place of Meetings
All meetings of the shareholders shall be held in the City of Dallas, State of Texas, at such place as may be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors, or at such other place either within or without the State of Texas as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting. The Board of Directors may, in its discretion, determine that the meeting may be held solely by means of remote communication as authorized by Section 6.002(a) of the Texas Business Organizations Code (the “TBOC”). If authorized by the Board of Directors, and subject to any guidelines and procedures adopted by the Board of Directors, shareholders not physically present at a shareholders’ meeting may participate in the meeting by means of remote communication and may be considered present in person and may vote at the meeting, whether held at a designated place or solely by means of remote communication, subject to the conditions imposed by applicable law. In the absence of any such designation or determination, shareholders’ meetings shall be held at the Corporation’s principal executive office.
2.2 Annual Meetings
Annual meetings of shareholders shall be held on such date and time as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting, at which meeting the shareholders shall elect a Board of Directors and transact such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting. The Board of Directors may postpone, adjourn, reschedule or cancel (to the extent permitted under the TBOC) any previously scheduled annual meeting of shareholders (for any reason or no reason).
2.3 Special Meetings
1
2
2.4 Notice of Shareholder Meetings
Whenever shareholders are required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, a written notice of the meeting shall be given which shall state the place, if any, date and hour of the meeting, the means of remote communications, if any, by which shareholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting. Except as otherwise provided in the TBOC, the Certificate of Formation or these Bylaws, the written notice of any meeting of shareholders shall be given not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting to each shareholder entitled to vote at such meeting as of the record date. If said notice is for a special meeting of shareholders, it shall in addition state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, and the business transacted at such meeting shall be limited to the matters so stated in the Corporation’s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto). Any meeting of shareholders as to which notice has been given may be postponed, and any meeting of shareholders as to which notice has been given may be cancelled (to the extent permitted by the TBOC), by the Board upon public announcement (as defined in Section 2.14(c) of these Bylaws) given before the date previously scheduled for such meeting. Notwithstanding the foregoing, notice of a shareholder meeting regarding a “fundamental business transaction” (as defined in the TBOC) must (i) be given to each shareholder of the Corporation not later than 21 days prior to the meeting, regardless of whether the shareholder is entitled to vote on the matter, and (ii) state that the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the meeting is to consider a fundamental business transaction.
2.5 Quorum
The holders of one-third (1/3) of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the shareholders for the transaction of business, except as otherwise provided by statute or by the Certificate of Formation.
If, however, such quorum shall not be present or represented by proxy at any meeting of the shareholders, then either (i) the chairperson of the meeting, or (ii) a majority of the shares present or represented by proxy and entitled to vote thereat, shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting as further described in Section 2.6, until a quorum shall be present or represented.
3
2.6 Adjourned Meetings; Notice
When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, unless these Bylaws otherwise require, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time, place, if any, thereof, and the means of remote communications, if any, by which shareholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting, the Corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than 30 days, or if a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each shareholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.
2.7 Chairperson of Meetings; Conduct of Business
Unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors, the Chairperson of the Board of Directors shall act as chairperson of any meetings of shareholders. Only the Board of Directors may determine who shall act as chairperson of any meeting of shareholders. In the absence of such designation, the Chairperson of the Board of Directors, if any, the Chief Executive Officer (in the absence of the Chairperson of the Board of Directors) or the President (in the absence of the Chairperson of the Board of Directors and the Chief Executive Officer), or in their absence any other executive officer of the Corporation, shall serve as chairperson of the shareholder meeting. The Secretary of the Corporation shall act as secretary of the meeting. If the Secretary of the Corporation is not present, the chairperson of the meeting shall appoint a secretary of the meeting.
The Board of Directors may adopt such rules and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of shareholders as it shall deem appropriate. Unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors prior to the meeting, the chairperson of the meeting shall determine the order of business and shall have the authority in his or her discretion to regulate the conduct of any such meeting, including, without limitation, (i) convening the meeting, concluding the meeting and rescheduling, recessing or adjourning the meeting, regardless of whether a quorum is present, to a later date and time and at a place, if any, announced at the meeting, (ii) announcing the date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the shareholders will vote, (iii) imposing restrictions on the persons (other than shareholders of record of the Corporation or their duly appointed proxies) who may attend any such meeting, (iv) establishing procedures for the dismissal of business not properly presented, (v) maintaining order at the meeting and safety of those present, (vi) restricting entry to the meeting after the time fixed for commencement, (vii) limiting the circumstances in which any person may make a statement or ask questions, and the time allotted thereto, at any meeting of shareholders, (viii) removing any shareholder or any other individual who refuses to comply with meeting rules, regulations or procedures, (ix) restricting the use of audio and video recording devices, cell phones and other electronic devices, (x) establishing rules, regulations or procedures for compliance with any state or local laws or regulations, including those concerning safety, health and security, and (xi) implementing procedures (if any) requiring attendees to provide the Corporation advance notice of their intent to attend the meeting.
2.8 Voting
4
2.9 Shareholder Action by Written Consent Without a Meeting
Subject to the rights of the holders of the shares of any series of preferred stock or any other class of stock or series thereof that have been expressly granted the right to take action by less than unanimous written consent, unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Formation, any action required or permitted by the TBOC to be taken at any annual or special meeting of shareholders may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, is signed by the holder or holders of shares having not less than a majority of the shares entitled to vote on the matter, or, if greater, not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which the holders of all shares entitled to vote on the matter were present and voted; provided, that from and after the closing date of the initial sale of shares of the Corporation’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), in the Corporation’s initial public offering pursuant to an effective registration statement filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), any action required or permitted by the TBOC to be taken at any annual or special meeting of shareholders, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, is signed by the holder or holders of shares having not less than two-thirds of the shares entitled to vote on the matter, or, if greater, not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which the holders of all shares entitled to vote on the matter were present and voted. Any such action taken by written consent must be delivered to the Corporation at its principal office.
2.10 Closing of Transfer Records and Fixing Record Date
For the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of shareholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any distribution, or in order to make a determination of shareholders for any other proper purpose, the Board of Directors may provide that the transfer records shall be closed for a stated period but not to exceed, in any case, 60 days. If the transfer records shall be closed for the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders, such ledger shall be closed for at least 10 days immediately preceding such meeting. In lieu of closing the transfer records, the Board of Directors may fix in advance a date as the record date for any such determination of shareholders, such date in any case to be not more than 60 days, and, in case of a meeting of shareholders, not less than 10 days (or such longer period or may be required by the TBOC), prior to the date on which the particular action requiring such determination of shareholders is to be taken. If the transfer records are not closed and no record date is fixed for the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of shareholders, or shareholders entitled to receive payment of a distribution, the date on which notice of the meeting is given to shareholders or the date on which the resolution of the Board of Directors declaring such distribution is adopted, as the case may be, shall be the record date for such determination of shareholders. When a determination of shareholders entitled to vote at any meeting of shareholders has been made as provided in this Section 2.10, such determination shall apply to any adjournment thereof, except where the determination has been made through the closing of the transfer records and the stated period of closing has expired.
5
2.11 Voting List
The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare, no later than the 11th day before every meeting of shareholders, a complete list of the shareholders entitled to vote at the meeting or any adjournment thereof, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each shareholder, the type of shares held by each shareholder, the number of shares held by each shareholder, and the number of votes that each shareholder is entitled to if the number of votes is different from the number of shares held.
The Corporation shall not be required to include electronic mail addresses or other electronic contact information on such list. Such list shall be kept on file at the registered office or principal executive office of the Corporation for a period of at least 10 days prior to the date of the applicable meeting, and shall be open to the examination of any shareholder for any purpose germane to the meeting for a period of at least 10 days prior to the meeting (i) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (ii) during ordinary business hours, at the Corporation’s principal place of business. In the event that the Corporation determines to make the list available on an electronic network, the Corporation must take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available only to shareholders of the Corporation. Such list shall be prima facie evidence of which shareholders are entitled to vote at the meeting.
2.12 Proxies
Each shareholder entitled to vote at a meeting of shareholders may authorize another person or persons to act for such shareholder by proxy authorized by an instrument in writing or by a transmission permitted by law filed in accordance with the procedure established for the meeting, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after 11 months from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. A proxy shall be revocable unless the proxy form conspicuously states on its face that it is irrevocable and the proxy is coupled with an interest. A written proxy may be in any form of electronic transmission permitted under the TBOC which sets forth or is submitted with information from which it can be determined that the electronic transmission was authorized by the person as provided in Section 21.367 of the TBOC. Any shareholder directly or indirectly soliciting proxies from other shareholders may use any proxy card color other than white, which shall be reserved for the exclusive use by the Board of Directors.
2.13 Inspector of Election
The Corporation may, and to the extent required by the TBOC, shall, in advance of any meeting of shareholders, appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting and make a written report thereof. The Corporation may designate one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate is able to act at a meeting of shareholders, the person presiding at the meeting may, and to the extent required by the TBOC, shall, appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability. Every vote taken by ballots shall be counted by an inspector or inspectors appointed by the chairperson of the meeting.
2.14 Advance Notice of Proposals
6
7
2.15 Advance Notice for Nomination of Directors
8
9
10
ARTICLE III — DIRECTORS
3.1 General Powers
The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors, except as may be otherwise provided in the TBOC or the Certificate of Formation.
3.2 Number and Tenure
The Board of Directors shall consist of one or more members, each of whom shall be a natural person. Unless the Certificate of Formation fixes the number of directors, the number of directors shall be determined from time to time solely by resolution of the Board of Directors. No reduction of the authorized number of directors shall have the effect of removing any director before that director’s term of office expires.
For purposes of these Bylaws, the term “Whole Board” shall mean the total number of authorized directors whether or not there exist any vacancies in previously authorized directorships. The directors shall be elected at each annual meeting of the shareholders, except as provided in Section 3.3 of this Article III, and each director elected shall hold office until the next succeeding annual meeting and until such director’s successor is duly elected and qualified, or until such director’s earlier death, resignation or removal. Directors need not be shareholders of the Corporation.
3.3 Resignation and Vacancies
Any director may resign at any time upon notice given in writing or by electronic transmission to the Corporation; provided, however, that if such notice is given by electronic transmission, such electronic transmission must either set forth or be submitted with information from which it can be determined that the electronic transmission was authorized by the director. A resignation is effective when the resignation is received by the Corporation unless the resignation specifies a later effective date or an effective date determined upon the occurrence of a future event. Acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. A resignation which is conditioned upon the director failing to receive a specified vote for reelection as a director may provide that it is irrevocable. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Formation or these Bylaws, when one or more directors resign from the Board of Directors, effective at a future date, a majority of the directors then in office, including those who have so resigned, shall have the power to fill such vacancy or vacancies, with such appointments to take effect when such resignation or resignations shall become effective.
Except as otherwise provided by the TBOC and subject to the rights granted to one or more series of preferred stock then outstanding, vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director, and the directors so chosen shall hold office until the next annual election and until their successors are duly elected and qualified, or until their earlier death, resignation or removal. Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as may be permitted under the TBOC, during the period between two successive annual meetings of shareholders, the Board of Directors may not fill more than two vacancies created by an increase in the number of directors. If there are no directors in office, then an election of directors may be held in the manner provided by the TBOC.
3.4 Removal
At any meeting of shareholders called expressly for the purpose of removing a director or directors, any director or the Whole Board may be removed, but for cause only (removal of directors without cause being expressly prohibited), by a vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of all of the shares then entitled to vote in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.
11
3.5 Location of Meetings; Meetings by Telephone
The Board of Directors of the Corporation may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of Texas.
Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Formation or these Bylaws, members of the Board of Directors, or any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee, by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting, except where a person participates in the meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting had not been lawfully called or convened.
3.6 Regular Meetings
Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and at such place as shall from time to time be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.
3.7 Special Meetings; Notice
Special meetings of the Board of Directors for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time by the Chairperson of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Secretary or upon written request of two or more directors, at such times and places as he or she or they shall designate.
Notice of the time and place of special meetings shall be (i) delivered personally by hand, by courier or by telephone; (ii) sent by United States first-class mail, postage prepaid; or (iii) if the director has consented, sent by electronic mail, directed to each director at that director’s address, telephone number or electronic mail address, as the case may be, as shown on the Corporation’s records.
If the notice is (i) delivered personally by hand, by courier or by telephone, or (ii) sent by electronic mail, it shall be delivered or sent at least 24 hours before the time of the holding of the meeting. If the notice is sent by United States mail, it shall be deposited in the United States mail at least four days before the time of the holding of the meeting. Any oral notice may be communicated to the director. The notice need not specify the place of the meeting (if the meeting is to be held at the Corporation’s principal executive office) nor the purpose of the meeting.
3.8 Quorum; Voting
At all meetings of the Board of Directors, a majority of the Whole Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. If a quorum is not present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, then the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present. A meeting at which a quorum is initially present may continue to transact business notwithstanding the withdrawal of directors, if any action taken is approved by at least a majority of the required quorum for that meeting.
The vote of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by statute, the Certificate of Formation or these Bylaws. To the maximum extent permitted by the TBOC, in the event a director or directors abstain or are disqualified from a vote, the majority vote of the director or the directors not abstaining or disqualified from voting, whether or not such director or directors constitute a quorum, shall be the act of the Board of Directors.
3.9 Action by Board or Committees Without a Meeting
Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Formation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.
12
3.10 Committees
The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the Whole Board, designate committees, each committee to consist of one or more directors of the Corporation, which committees will have such power and authority and will perform such functions as may be provided in such resolution. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors establishing such committee or as otherwise provided in these Bylaws, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, subject to the limitations set forth in the TBOC.
3.11 Compensation of Directors
The Board of Directors shall have authority to fix the compensation of directors, including fees and reimbursement of expenses.
ARTICLE IV — OFFICERS
4.1 Positions and Appointment
The officers of the Corporation shall be a Chief Executive Officer, a President, a Chief Financial Officer, a Treasurer and a Secretary. The Board of Directors may, by resolution, designate the Chairperson of the Board of Directors of the Corporation as an officer. In accordance with Section 4.1(f) of these Bylaws, the Board of Directors may, by resolution, appoint other officers and delegate to any officer of the Corporation the power to appoint and remove the other officers referenced in Section 4.1(f) of these Bylaws. Any two (2) or more offices may be held by the same person but no officer may act in more than one capacity when action of two or more officers is required. The Board of Directors may, by resolution, appoint two (2) persons to the same office, such that an officer position may be filled by two (2) individuals serving simultaneously, with the titles of such persons to be as designated by the Board of Directors. In case any officer is absent, or for any other reason that the Board of Directors may deem sufficient, the Chief Executive Officer or the President or the Board of Directors may delegate for the time being the powers or duties of such officer to any other officer.
13
4.2 Term; Vacancies
Each officer of the Corporation shall hold office until his or her successor is appointed, or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal. Any vacancy in any office shall be filled in such manner as the Board of Directors shall determine.
4.3 Removal
Any officer may be removed, with or without cause, at any time, by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors or by other officers upon whom such power of removal may have been conferred by the Board of Directors. The removal of an officer shall be without prejudice to such officer’s contract rights, if any.
4.4 Resignations
Any officer may resign at any time by giving notice in writing or by electronic transmission to the Board of Directors (or to an officer if the Board of Directors has delegated to such officer the power to appoint and to remove such officer). The resignation of any officer shall take effect upon receipt of notice thereof or at such later time as shall be specified in such notice, and unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.
14
4.5 Compensation
Compensation of all executive officers shall be approved by the Board of Directors, and no officer shall be prevented from receiving such compensation by virtue of his or her also being a director of the Corporation; provided, that compensation of some or all executive officers may be determined by a committee established for that purpose if so authorized by the Board of Directors or as required by applicable law or any applicable rule or regulation, including any rule or regulation of any stock exchange upon which the Corporation’s securities are then listed for trading.
ARTICLE V — CERTIFICATES OF SHARES AND THEIR TRANSFER
5.1 Certificates for Shares
Shares of capital stock of the Corporation may, but shall not be required to, be issued in certificated form. If such stock is certificated, such certificates shall be numbered and shall be entered in the books of the Corporation as they are issued, and shall be signed by the President and the Secretary of the Corporation or other such officers as determined by the Board of Directors, and may be sealed with the seal of the Corporation or a facsimile thereof.
If the Corporation is authorized to issue shares of more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, there shall be set forth upon the face or back of the certificate, or the certificate shall have a statement that the Corporation will furnish to any shareholder upon request and without charge, a full statement of all of the powers, designations, preferences, and rights of the shares of each class authorized to be issued and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, and, if the Corporation is authorized to issue any preferred or special class in series, the variations in the relative rights and preferences between the shares of each such series so far as the same have been fixed and determined, and the authority of the Board of Directors to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of subsequent series. Each certificate representing shares shall state upon the face thereof that the Corporation is organized under the laws of the State of Texas, the name of the person to whom issued, the number and the class and the designation of the series, if any, which such certificate represents and the par value or a statement that the shares are without par value. No shares of capital stock shall be issued until the consideration therefor has been fully paid.
5.2 Transfer Agent
If a certificate is countersigned (i) by a transfer agent other than the Corporation or its employee, or, (ii) by a registrar other than the Corporation or its employee, any other signature on the certificate may be facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if he or she were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.
5.3 Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates
The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his or her legal representative, to advertise the same in such manner as it shall require and/or to give the Corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the Corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.
5.4 Transfers of Shares
Transfers of shares of capital stock of the Corporation shall be made only on the books of the Corporation by the holder thereof, or by his or her attorney thereunto authorized by a power of attorney duly executed and filed with the Secretary of the Corporation or a transfer agent of the Corporation, if any, and on surrender of the certificate or certificates for such shares properly endorsed.
5.5 Registered Shareholders
The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and to hold liable for calls and assessments a person
15
registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the TBOC.
ARTICLE VI — GENERAL PROVISIONS
6.1 Execution of Corporate Contracts and Instruments
Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Formation or these Bylaws, the Board of Directors may authorize any officer or officers, or agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute any document or instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation; such authority may be general or confined to specific instances. Unless so authorized or ratified by the Board of Directors or within the agency power of an officer, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or authority to bind the Corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its credit or to render it liable for any purpose or for any amount.
6.2 Dividends
Dividends upon capital stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the TBOC and of the Certificate of Formation, if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting, pursuant to the TBOC. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of capital stock, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Formation.
6.3 Fiscal Year
The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.
6.4 Corporate Seal
The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of its organization and the words “Corporate Seal, Texas.” The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.
6.5 Derivative Proceedings
During any time that the Common Stock of the Corporation is listed on a national securities exchange (as defined in Section 1.002(55-a) of the TBOC) or has 500 or more shareholders, no shareholder (as defined in Section 21.551(2) of the TBOC) of the Corporation may institute or maintain a derivative proceeding in the right of the Corporation unless such shareholder, at the time the derivative proceeding is instituted, holds at least 3% of the outstanding shares of the Corporation.
16
ARTICLE VII — INDEMNIFICATION
7.1 Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (hereinafter, a “proceeding”), by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or, while serving as a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee, agent or other representative (as defined in the TBOC) of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise or organization, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan (hereinafter, an “indemnitee”), whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director or officer of the Corporation or in any other capacity while serving as a director or officer of the Corporation, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by the TBOC, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than permitted prior thereto), against all expenses, liability and loss (including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred by such indemnitee in connection therewith and such indemnification shall continue as to an indemnitee who has ceased to be a director or officer of the Corporation and shall inure to the benefit of the indemnitee’s heirs, executors and administrators; provided, however, that, except as provided in Section 7.3 of this Article VII with respect to proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification, the Corporation shall indemnify any such indemnitee in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such indemnitee only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors of the Corporation.
7.2 Advance Payment of Expenses
The rights to indemnification conferred in Section 7.1 of this Article VII shall be a contract right and shall include the right to be paid by the Corporation the expenses incurred in defending any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition (hereinafter, an “advancement of expenses”); provided, however, that, if the TBOC requires, an advancement of expenses incurred by an indemnitee shall be made only after delivery to the Corporation of (a) a written affirmation by the indemnitee of the indemnitee’s good faith belief that the indemnitee has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification under the TBOC and (b) a written undertaking (hereinafter, an “undertaking”), by or on behalf of such indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined by final judicial determination from which there is no further right to appeal (hereinafter, a “final adjudication”) or otherwise in accordance with the TBOC that such indemnitee has not met that standard necessary for indemnification under the TBOC or that indemnification is prohibited by the TBOC.
7.3 Determination of Right to Indemnification
If a claim under Section 7.1 or Section 7.2 of this Article VII is not paid in full by the Corporation within 60 days after a written claim has been received by the Corporation, except in the case of a claim for an advancement of expenses, in which case the applicable period shall be 20 days, the indemnitee may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim. If successful in whole or in part in any such suit, or in a suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the indemnitee shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting or defending such suit. In any suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder (but not in a suit brought by an indemnitee to enforce a right to an advancement of expenses), it shall be a defense that the indemnitee has not met any applicable standard for indemnification set forth in the TBOC. In any suit by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the Corporation shall be entitled to recover such expenses upon a final adjudication that the indemnitee has not met any applicable standard for indemnification set forth in the TBOC. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or its shareholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such suit that indemnification of the indemnitee is proper in the circumstances because the indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the TBOC, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel or its shareholders) that the indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall create a presumption that the indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct or, in the case of such a suit brought by the indemnitee, shall be a defense to such suit. In any suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right of indemnification or to an advancement of expenses hereunder, or by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the burden of proving that the indemnitee is not to be indemnified, or to such advancement of expenses, under this Article VII or otherwise shall be on the Corporation.
17
7.4 Non-Exclusivity of Rights
The rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses conferred in this Article VII shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under the Corporation’s Certificate of Formation or any statute, agreement, vote of shareholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.
7.5 Insurance
The Corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or any Corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the TBOC.
7.6 Indemnification of Others
The Corporation may, to the extent authorized from time to time by the Board of Directors, grant rights to indemnification and rights to advancement of expenses to any current or former employee or agent of the Corporation with the same or lesser scope and effect as the foregoing indemnification of, and advancement of expenses to, current and former directors and officers of the Corporation.
7.7 Survival
The rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses conferred by this Article VII shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.
7.8 Amendments
Any repeal or amendment of this Article VII by the Board of Directors or the shareholders of the Corporation or by changes in applicable law, or the adoption of any other provision of these Bylaws inconsistent with this Article VII, will, to the extent permitted by applicable law, be prospective only (except to the extent such amendment or change in applicable law permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights to indemnitees on a retroactive basis than permitted prior thereto), and will not in any way diminish or adversely affect any right or protection existing hereunder in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to such repeal or amendment or adoption of such inconsistent provision; provided, however, that amendments or repeals of this Article VII shall require the affirmative vote of the shareholders holding at least two-thirds of the voting power of all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation.
7.9 Severability
If any provision or provisions of this Article VII shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever: (a) the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Article VII shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby; and (b) to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Article VII (including, without limitation, each such portion of this Article VII containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested by the provision held invalid, illegal or unenforceable.
ARTICLE VIII — AMENDMENTS
The Board of Directors is expressly authorized and empowered to alter, amend and repeal these Bylaws or adopt new Bylaws. Except as otherwise provided in these Bylaws, the shareholders may, by the vote of the holders of not less than a majority of all shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote in the election of directors, as one class, make additional bylaws and alter, amend and repeal any bylaws, whether such bylaws were originally adopted by the shareholders or otherwise.
18